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Anne Howard, Countess of Arundel : ウィキペディア英語版 | Anne Howard, Countess of Arundel
Anne Howard, Countess of Arundel (née Dacre; 21 March 1557 – 19 April 1630), was an English poet, noblewoman, and religious conspirator. She lived a life devoted to her husband, Philip Howard, and religion, as she converted to Catholicism in 1582, going against society’s acceptance. She was known to be a “woman of strong character, and of religious desposition…whose influence soon made itself felt upon her husband… the increasing seriousness of his thoughts led him in the direction of Romanism…”.〔Travitsky, Betty. The Paradise of Women: Writings by Englishwomen of the Renaissance. New York: Columbia UP, 1989〕 She was also known as a poet and for literary works written about her. ==Family background== Anne was born in Carlisle, England, on 21 March 1557,〔The Complete Peerage〕 the eldest daughter of Thomas Dacre, 4th Baron Dacre of Gilsland, and Elizabeth Leyburne of Cumbria. Following Anne, her mother gave birth to three more children: a son George (but sometimes called Francis), and two sisters, Elizabeth and Mary.〔Norfolk, Henry Granville Fitzalan-Howard. The Lives of Philip Howard, Earl of Arundel, and of Anne Dacres, His Wife. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1857.〕 George was born in 1562, followed by Mary in 1563, and Elizabeth in 1564. In 1567, Anne's father died; soon after, her mother remarried to the 4th Duke of Norfolk, becoming his third wife. In September of 1567, when Anne was about 10 years old, her mother died during childbirth.〔Wikipedia Encyclopedia〕 After the death of their mother, Anne and her siblings were essentially brought up and educated by their maternal grandmother, Lady Mounteagle, who had formerly been married to Sir James Leybourn.〔 Her mother and grandmother were both devout Catholics, which had a strong influence on her religious beliefs and actions. Growing up, Anne and her siblings were instructed on religion by a Catholic priest. This was an issue because they were under the rule of Queen Elizabeth I, a Protestant monarch.〔
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